KEGG ENZYME: 1.3.99.39

Entry
EC 1.3.99.39                Enzyme                                 
Name

carotenoid phi-ring synthase;
crtU (gene name) (ambiguous)

Class

Oxidoreductases;
Acting on the CH-CH group of donors;
With unknown physiological acceptors

Sysname

carotenoid beta-ring:acceptor oxidoreductase/methyltranferase (phi-ring-forming)

Reaction(IUBMB)
carotenoid beta-end group + 2 acceptor = carotenoid phi-end group + 2 reduced acceptor [RN:R12115]
Reaction(KEGG) Substrate
carotenoid beta-end group [CPD:C21915];
acceptor [CPD:C00028]
Product
carotenoid phi-end group [CPD:C21916];
reduced acceptor [CPD:C00030]
Comment

The enzyme, found in green sulfur bacteria, some cyanobacteria and some actinobacteria, introduces additional double bonds to the carotenoid beta-end group, leading to aromatization of the ionone ring. As a result, one of the methyl groups at C-1 is transferred to position C-2. It is involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids with phi-type aromatic end groups such as chlorobactene, beta-isorenieratene, and isorenieratene.

History

EC 1.3.99.39 created 2018

Pathway
ec01110   Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Orthology
K09879   carotenoid phi-ring synthase / carotenoid chi-ring synthase
Genes
SAMY DB32_005179 DB32_008580
MGRO FZ046_15700 FZ046_20810
MCOO MCOO_47810 MCOO_48880
MPHL MPHLCCUG_02043(pds_2)
MTHN 4412656_00241(pds)
MAUU NCTC10437_01603(pds_1) NCTC10437_04608(pds_2)
MPSC MPSYJ_34700 MPSYJ_51550
MHEV MHEL_00200 MHEL_60530
MSAR MSAR_05720 MSAR_34970
MPOF MPOR_18260 MPOR_21090
MFLV NCTC10271_03420(pds_2)
MRF MJO55_06575 MJO55_14810
RCR NCTC10994_03817(pds_2)
SGR SGR_56t(crtU2) SGR_6826(crtU) SGR_7083t(crtU3)
SGB WQO_01605 WQO_03645
SLE sle_65890(sle_65890)
STRD NI25_03600 NI25_35260
SGF HEP81_07765 HEP81_07985
STUI GCM10017668_46170(crtU)
SNIG HEK616_76690(crtU)
APRE CNX65_19075 CNX65_24395
AMI Amir_3813 Amir_4947
SYY SYNGTS_1358(sll0254)
SYT SYNGTI_1358(sll0254)
SYS SYNPCCN_1357(sll0254)
SYQ SYNPCCP_1357(sll0254)
SYP SYNPCC7002_A1248(crtU)
ARP NIES39_D01920(crtL)
PAGH NIES204_24750(crtL)
GML ISF26_00135 ISF26_16075
NSPH BDGGKGIB_03034(pds_2)
PROC Ptc2401_01837(petC_1)

 » show all
Reference   Authors

Moshier SE, Chapman DJ

  Title

Biosynthetic studies on aromatic carotenoids. Biosynthesis of chlorobactene.

  Journal Reference   Authors

Krugel H, Krubasik P, Weber K, Saluz HP, Sandmann G.

  Title

Functional analysis of genes from Streptomyces griseus involved in the synthesis of isorenieratene, a carotenoid with aromatic end groups, revealed a novel type of carotenoid desaturase.

  Journal Reference   Authors

Frigaard NU, Maresca JA, Yunker CE, Jones AD, Bryant DA.

  Title

Genetic manipulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum.

  Journal   Sequence Other DBs
ExPASy – ENZYME nomenclature database:  1.3.99.39

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