Igbokwe, I. O. Evolving anti-disease strategies from biochemical pathogenesis of African trypanosomiasis. Adv. Cytol. Pathol. 3(2), 33–39 (2018).
Njiru, Z. K., Constantine, C. C., Gitonga, P. K., Thompson, R. C. & Reid, S. A. Genetic variability of Trypanosoma evansi isolates detected by inter-simple sequence repeat anchored-PCR and microsatellite. Vet. Parasitol. 147(1–2), 51–60 (2007).
Njiru, Z. K. et al. The use of ITS1 rDNA PCR in detecting pathogenic African trypanosomes. Parasitol. Res. 95(3), 186–192 (2005).
Lukeš, J., Kachale, A., Votýpka, J., Butenko, A. & Field, M. C. African trypanosome strategies for conquering new hosts and territories: the end of monophyly?. Trends Parasitol. 38(9), 724–736 (2022).
Hoare, C. A. The trypanosomes of mammals. In: A Zoological Monograph 1-749 (Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 1972).
Saleh, M. A., Al-Salahy, M. B. & Sanousi, S. A. Oxidative stress in blood of camels (Camelus dromedaries) naturally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Vet. Parasitol. 162(3–4), 192–199 (2009).
Carr, I. M. et al. Inferring relative proportions of DNA variants from sequencing electropherograms. Bioinform. 25(24), 3244–3250 (2009).
Fantin, Y. S. et al. Base-calling algorithm with vocabulary (BCV) method for analyzing population sequencing chromatograms. PLoS ONE 8(1), e54835 (2013).
Paparini, A., Jackson, B., Ward, S., Young, S. & Ryan, U. M. Multiple Cryptosporidium genotypes detected in wild black rats (Rattus rattus) from northern Australia. Exp. Parasitol. 131(4), 404–412 (2012).
Barbosa, A. D., Gofton, A. W., Paparini, A., Codello, A., Greay, T., Gillett, A., Warren, K., Irwin, P. & Ryan, U. Increased genetic diversity and prevalence of co-infection with Trypanosoma spp. in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) and their ticks identified using next-generation sequencing (NGS). PloS one 12(7), e0181279 (2017).
Van Dijk, E. L., Auger, H., Jaszczyszyn, Y. & Thermes, C. T. Ten years of next-generation sequencing technology. Trends Genet. 30(9), 418–426 (2014).
Kuczynski, J. et al. Direct sequencing of the human microbiome readily reveals community differences. Genome Biol. 11(5), 210 (2010).
Mathison, B. A. & Pritt, B. S. Update on malaria diagnostics and test utilization. J. Clin. Microbiol. 55(7), 2009–2017 (2017).
Ellman, G. L. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 82(1), 70–77 (1959).
Koracevic, D., Koracevic, G., Djordjevic, V., Andrejevic, S. & Cosic, V. Method for the measurement of antioxidant activity in human fluids. J. Clin. Pathol. 54(5), 356–361 (2001).
Drabkin, D. L. & Austin, J. H. Spectrophotometric studies: I. Spectrophotometric constants for common hemoglobin derivatives in human, dog, and rabbit blood. J. Biol. Chem. 98(2), 719–733 (1932).
Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N. & Yagi, K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem. 95(2), 351–358 (1979).
Nishikimi, M., Rao, N. A. & Yagi, K. The occurrence of superoxide anion in the reaction of reduced phenazine methosulfate and molecular oxygen. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 46(2), 849–854 (1972).
Aebi, H. Catalase. In: Bergmeyer, H. V., Eds., Methods in Enzymatic Analysis, 673–686 (Academic Press Inc., New York, 1974).
Katoh, K. & Standley, D. M. MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30(4), 772–780 (2013).
Capella-Gutiérrez, S., Silla-Martínez, J. M. & Gabaldón, T. trimAl: A tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses. Bioinformatics 25(15), 1972–1973 (2009).
Darriba, D., Taboada, G. L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. ProtTest-HPC: fast selection of best-fit models of protein evolution. In Euro-Par 2010 Parallel Processing Workshops. Euro-Par 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6586. Springer, Berlin. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21878-1_22 (2011).
Kozlov, A. M. et al. RAxML-NG: a fast, scalable and user-friendly tool for maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference. Bioinformatics 35(21), 4453–4455 (2019).
Minh, B. Q. et al. IQ-TREE 2: new models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era. Mol. Biol. Evol. 37(5), 1530–1534 (2020).
Snedecor, G. W. & Cochran, W. G. Statistical Methods (Iowa State Universirty Press, 1994).
Edgar, R. C. UNOISE2: improved error-correction for Illumina 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing. BioRxiv, p. 081257 (2016).
Quast, C. et al. The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 41(D1), D590–D596 (2013).
Abou El-Naga, T. R. A. & Barghash, S. M. Blood parasites in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Northern West Coast of Egypt. J. Bacteriol. Parasitol. 7(1), 258 (2016).
Barghash, S. M., Darwish, A. M. & Abou-El-Naga, T. R. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosoma evansi from local and imported camels in Egypt. J. Phylogenetics Evol. Biol. 4, 169 (2016).
Claes, F. et al. Variable surface glycoprotein RoTat 1.2 PCR as a specific diagnostic tool for the detection of Trypanosoma evansi infections. Kinetoplastid Biol. Dis. 3(1), 1–6 (2004).
Barghash, S. M., Abou El-Naga, T. R., El-Sherbeny, E. A. & Darwish, A. M. Prevalence of 350 Trypanosoma evansi in Maghrabi camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Northern-West Coast, Egypt using molecular and parasitological methods. Acta Parasitol. Globalis 5, 125–132 (2014).
Ranjithkumar, M. et al. Disturbance of oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium in horses naturally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Vet. Parasitol. 180(3–4), 349–353 (2011).
Parashar, R., Singla, L. D., Gupta, M. & Sharma, S. K. Evaluation and correlation of oxidative stress and haemato-biochemical observations in horses with natural patent and latent trypanosomosis in Punjab state of India. Acta Parasitol. 63(4), 733–743 (2018).
Pandey, V. et al. Haemato-biochemical and oxidative status of buffaloes naturally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Vet. Parasitol. 212(3–4), 118–122 (2015).
Wolkmer, P. et al. Lipid peroxidation associated with anemia in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Vet. Parasitol. 165(1–2), 41–46 (2009).
Cimen, M. Y. B. Free radicals metabolism in human erythrocytes. Clin. Chim. Acta 390(1–2), 1–11 (2008).
Gutteridge, J. M. C. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue damage. Clin. Chem. 41(12), 1819–1828 (1995).
Yusuf, A. B., Umar, I. A. & Nok, A. J. Effects of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf on survival and some biochemical parameters in acute Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection. Afr. J. Biochem. Res. 6(12), 150–158 (2012).
Quail, M. A. et al. A tale of three next generation sequencing platforms: comparison of Ion Torrent, Pacific Biosciences and Illumina MiSeq sequencers. BMC Genom. 13(1), 341 (2012).
Thompson, C. K. & Thompson, R. C. A. Trypanosomes of Australian mammals: knowledge gaps regarding transmission and biosecurity. Trends Parasitol. 31(11), 553–562 (2015).
Cooper, C., Clode, P. L., Peacock, C. & Thompson, R. A. C. Host-parasite relationships and life histories of trypanosomes in Australia. Adv. Parasitol. 97, 47–109 (2016).
Jenni, L. et al. Hybrid formation between African trypanosomes during cyclical transmission. Nature 322(6075), 173–175 (1986).
Gaunt, M. W. et al. Mechanism of genetic exchange in American trypanosomes. Nature 421(6926), 936–939 (2003).
Hing, S. et al. Evaluating stress physiology and parasite infection parameters in the translocation of critically endangered woylies (Bettongia penicillata). EcoHealth 14, 128–138 (2017).
Tomlinson, S. & Raper, J. The lysis of Trypanosoma brucei by human serum. Nat. Biotechnol. 14(6), 717–721 (1996).
Welburn, S. C., Fèvre, E. M., Coleman, P. G., Odiit, M. & Maudlin, I. Sleeping sickness: a tale of two diseases. Trends Parasitol. 17(1), 19–24 (2001).
Carnes, J. et al. Genome and phylogenetic analyses of Trypanosoma evansi reveal extensive similarity to T. brucei and multiple independent origins for dyskinetoplasty. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 9(1), e3404 (2015).
Lai, D. H., Hashimi, H., Lun, Z. R., Ayala, F. J. & Lukeš, J. Adaptations of Trypanosoma brucei to gradual loss of kinetoplast DNA: Trypanosoma equiperdum and Trypanosoma evansi are petite mutants of T. brucei. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105(6), 1999–2004 (2008).
Gibson, W., Backhouse, T. & Griffiths, A. The human serum resistance associated gene is ubiquitous and conserved in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense throughout East Africa. Infect. Genet. Evol. 1(3), 207–214 (2002).
Balmer, O., Beadell, J. S., Gibson, W. & Caccone, A. Phylogeography and taxonomy of Trypanosoma brucei. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 5(2), e961 (2011).
Gibson, W., Nemetschke, L. & Ndungu, J. Conserved sequence of the TgsGP gene in Group 1 Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Infect. Genet. Evol. 10(4), 453–458 (2010).
Verloo, D., Magnus, E. & Büscher, P. General expression of RoTat 1.2 variable antigen type in Trypanosoma evansi isolates from different origin. Vet. Parasitol. 97(3), 185–191 (2001).
Njiru, Z. K., Ouma, J. O., Enyaru, J. C. & Dargantes, A. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) test for detection of Trypanosoma evansi strain B. Exp. Parasitol. 125(3), 196–201 (2010).
Cuypers, B. et al. Genome-wide SNP analysis reveals distinct origins of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma equiperdum. Genome Biol. Evol. 9(8), 1990–1997 (2017).
Read more here: Source link