The potential role and mechanism of circRNA/miRNA axis in cholesterol synthesis [Abstract]

Int J Biol Sci
2023; 19(9):2879-2896.
doi:10.7150/ijbs.84994 This issue Cite

Review

Wujun Chen1#, Jiazhen Xu1#, Yudong Wu1, Bing Liang1, Mingzhe Yan1, Chuandong Sun1,2, Dong Wang1,2, Xiaokun Hu1,3, Li Liu1,4, Wenchao Hu1,5, Yingchun Shao1✉, Dongming Xing1,6✉

1. Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China.
2. Department of Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China.
3. Interventional Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China.
4. Department of Community Health Promotion, Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, 266033, China.
5. Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China.
6. School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
# These authors contributed equally to this study.

Citation:

Chen W, Xu J, Wu Y, Liang B, Yan M, Sun C, Wang D, Hu X, Liu L, Hu W, Shao Y, Xing D. The potential role and mechanism of circRNA/miRNA axis in cholesterol synthesis. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19(9):2879-2896. doi:10.7150/ijbs.84994. www.ijbs.com/v19p2879.htm


Other styles

Graphic abstract

Cholesterol levels are an initiating risk factor for atherosclerosis. Many genes play a central role in cholesterol synthesis, including HMGCR, SQLE, HMGCS1, FDFT1, LSS, MVK, PMK, MVD, FDPS, CYP51, TM7SF2, LBR, MSMO1, NSDHL, HSD17B7, DHCR24, EBP, SC5D, DHCR7, IDI1/2. Especially, HMGCR, SQLE, FDFT1, LSS, FDPS, CYP51, and EBP are promising therapeutic targets for drug development due to many drugs have been approved and entered into clinical research by targeting these genes. However, new targets and drugs still need to be discovered. Interestingly, many small nucleic acid drugs and vaccines were approved for the market, including Inclisiran, Patisiran, Inotersen, Givosiran, Lumasiran, Nusinersen, Volanesorsen, Eteplirsen, Golodirsen, Viltolarsen, Casimersen, Elasomeran, Tozinameran. However, these agents are all linear RNA agents. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) may have longer half-lives, higher stability, lower immunogenicity, lower production costs, and higher delivery efficiency than these agents due to their covalently closed structures. CircRNA agents are developed by several companies, including Orna Therapeutics, Laronde, and CirCode, Therorna. Many studies have shown that circRNAs regulate cholesterol synthesis by regulating HMGCR, SQLE, HMGCS1, ACS, YWHAG, PTEN, DHCR24, SREBP-2, and PMK expression. MiRNAs are essential for circRNA-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis. Notable, the phase II trial for inhibiting miR-122 with nucleic acid drugs has been completed. Suppressing HMGCR, SQLE, and miR-122 with circRNA_ABCA1, circ-PRKCH, circEZH2, circRNA-SCAP, and circFOXO3 are the promising therapeutic target for drug development, specifically the circFOXO3. This review focuses on the role and mechanism of the circRNA/miRNA axis in cholesterol synthesis in the hope of providing knowledge to identify new targets.

Keywords: Cholesterol synthesis, circRNAs, HMGCR, SQLE, miR-122, nucleic acid drugs.


APA

Chen, W., Xu, J., Wu, Y., Liang, B., Yan, M., Sun, C., Wang, D., Hu, X., Liu, L., Hu, W., Shao, Y., Xing, D. (2023). The potential role and mechanism of circRNA/miRNA axis in cholesterol synthesis. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 19(9), 2879-2896. doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.84994.

ACS

Chen, W.; Xu, J.; Wu, Y.; Liang, B.; Yan, M.; Sun, C.; Wang, D.; Hu, X.; Liu, L.; Hu, W.; Shao, Y.; Xing, D. The potential role and mechanism of circRNA/miRNA axis in cholesterol synthesis. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2023, 19 (9), 2879-2896. DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.84994.

NLM

Chen W, Xu J, Wu Y, Liang B, Yan M, Sun C, Wang D, Hu X, Liu L, Hu W, Shao Y, Xing D. The potential role and mechanism of circRNA/miRNA axis in cholesterol synthesis. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19(9):2879-2896. doi:10.7150/ijbs.84994. www.ijbs.com/v19p2879.htm

CSE

Chen W, Xu J, Wu Y, Liang B, Yan M, Sun C, Wang D, Hu X, Liu L, Hu W, Shao Y, Xing D. 2023. The potential role and mechanism of circRNA/miRNA axis in cholesterol synthesis. Int J Biol Sci. 19(9):2879-2896.

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