Tag: Anti-PD-1

Introduction Kidney cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed tumors around the globe.1 According to the statistics from the World Health Organization, annually, there are more than 140,000 RCC-related deaths.2 ccRCC is the most typical subtype of kidney cancer and contributes to the majority of kidney cancer-related deaths.3,4 Until…

Background Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer. Despite the dramatic improvement in breast cancer prognosis due to recent therapeutic advances, such as more effective adjuvant and neo-adjuvant chemotherapies, together with more radical and safer surgery, advances in early diagnosis and treatment over the…

Introduction Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal gastrointestinal disease with increasing morbidity, which also has a growing impact on cancer-specific mortality worldwide.1 Nearly 40% of all PDAC cases are localized to the pancreas and characterized with the involvement of major vascular structures, leading to unresectable disease without metastases detected…

Introduction Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‑fusion genes represent a small but important part of oncogenic driver mutations in NSCLC, accounting for approximately 3%‑7% of all cases worldwide.1,2 Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard therapy for ALK-rearranged NSCLC. Crizotinib, a first-generation TKI, is the most widely used targeted drug…

Mice are commonly used as models of human disease, helping scientists to understand the workings of complex pathologies and develop safe and efficacious drugs. It is now possible to create a range of genetically engineered mouse models, including humanized, knock-in and knock-out models, that can be used to further advance…