Tag: APC

Primary cells PBMCs were either isolated from fresh buffy coats via density gradient centrifugation using Biocoll (Biochrom) or selected from a Leukapheresis material using in house T cell selection technology ATC. Buffy coats were obtained from autologous adult female or male blood donors at the Institute for Anesthesiology, German heart…

Hello, I am trying to extract the coordinates for the exons in numerous genes. For example, APC using the MANE transcript: NM_000038.6 When downloading the USCS table browser for just exons from HG38 I get these coordinates for the exons (example exon 1): chr5 112737884 112737925 However, when I look…

Introduction Interleukin (IL)-2 was the first Food and Drug Administration approved immunotherapy for use in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.1 2 However, the use of recombinant IL-2 (Proleukin/aldesleukin) has been problematic due to low response rates, off-target effects, and severe dose-dependent toxicities. Due to its potent T-cell…

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Vega Therapeutics, Inc. orphan drug designation for its antibody therapy, VGA039, for the treatment of the rare bleeding disorder, von Willebrand disease (VWD). Vega Therapeutics is a clinical stage biotechnology company developing novel therapies for rare blood disorders. VGA039 is a…

Which type of variant caller should I use in a WES normal cell line sample? 0 I have whole-exome sequencing data of an immortalised non-tumor (normal) cell line that I wish to assess for the presence/absence of APC/Wnt mutations. This is to double check that the cell line is sufficiently…

Preuss TM. The human brain: rewired and running hot. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1225 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):E182-191. Article  PubMed  Google Scholar  Roth G, Dicke U. Evolution of the brain and intelligence in primates. Prog Brain Res. 2012;195:413–30. Article  PubMed  Google Scholar  Laland K, Seed A. Understanding human cognitive uniqueness….

Huang, H., Weng, H. & Chen, J. m6A modification in coding and non-coding RNAs: roles and therapeutic implications in cancer. Cancer Cell 37, 270–288 (2020). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  Qing, Y., Su, R. & Chen, J. RNA modifications in hematopoietic malignancies: a new research frontier. Blood 138,…

Experimental animals The generation of mice with tamoxifen-inducible, Tie2.Cre-ERT2-mediated deletion of LepR in endothelial cells was described previously12,17. For Cre recombinase activation, mice (6 weeks-of-age) were fed tamoxifen citrate-containing rodent chow (Envigo; TD.130860) for 6 weeks49. Genomic DNA from the brain, lung, small intestine, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) and visceral adipose tissue…

The PD-1 3’ UTR repressed reporter gene expression by promoting mRNA decay The human PD-1 3’ UTR is made up of 1,174 nucleotides, longer than its coding region (867 nts). To explore the revolutionary relationship of PD-1 3’ UTRs of species, we systematically analyzed the sequence conservation of 21,050 protein-coding…

Best known for its folklore and tales of the Vikings, Norway’s landscape boasts postcard-like islands and the northern lights. In addition to ranking top as one of the happiest nations in the world, the country relies on sectors like oil and gas, hydropower and aquaculture to strengthen its economic growth….

Microbes are everywhere and impact everyone, making it critical that microbiology research is equitably accessible to as many people and places as possible. However, inequitable access to research and publications has long plagued the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) enterprise-including the field of microbiology-due to paywalls that limit viewing…

Ethics statement All experiments with hamsters were performed in accordance with the Science Council of Japan’s Guidelines for the Proper Conduct of Animal Experiments. The protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of National University Corporation Hokkaido University (approval ID: 20-0123 and 20-0060). All protocols involving…

Cells and cell culture KOPN30, BV173, and K562 are BCR/ABL1-positive leukemia cell lines. All leukemia cell lines, as well as Ba/F3 cells, were maintained in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin–streptomycin (100 U/mL) at 37 °C in an atmosphere containing 5% CO2. KOPN30 cells were obtained…

Structure of the ΦcrAss001 virion and functional assignments. a,b, Electron micrographs of virions recorded using negative staining (a; n = 16 micrographs) and under cryogenic conditions (b; n = 44,006 micrographs). Scale bars, 100 nm. c, Molecular surface of virion reconstruction viewed from outside (left) and z-clipped (right), colored by gene product. DNA (gray) on…

The researchers have learned more about this prominent gut virus by growing it in a lab, in the hopes of understanding how it impacts the human microbiome. Researchers at APC Microbiome Ireland have developed a detailed structural atlas of a prominent gut virus, to learn more about its role in…

Materials The materials used for cell cultures and characterization are listed in Additional file 1: Table S1. Cell sources After getting informed consent, PB was drawn from three healthy O, Rh D-positive donors. CB was collected from three healthy newborn babies at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Severance…

Musacchio, A. The molecular biology of spindle assembly checkpoint signaling dynamics. Curr. Biol. 25, R1002–R1018 (2015). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  Lara-Gonzalez, P., Pines, J. & Desai, A. Spindle assembly checkpoint activation and silencing at kinetochores. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 117, 86–98 (2021). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar …

Acquiring amino acid substitutions via language model consensus We select amino acid substitutions recommended by a consensus of language models. We take as input a single wild-type sequence x = (x1,…,xN)∈ \(\mathcal{X}\)N, where \(\mathcal{X}\) is the set of amino acids, and N is the sequence length. We also require a set of…

Human CD34+ cell isolation Human fetal liver (FL) samples were obtained from Advanced Biosciences Resources (Alameda, CA) with proper consent. FL samples were cut in small fragments, treated for 25 min at 37 °C with Collagenase D (100 ng/mL; Roche). The cell suspension was prepared, and the human CD34+ cells were separated by…

ORLANDO, Florida — Non-Hispanic persons of African ancestry typically have worse clinical outcomes from colorectal cancer (CRC) than individuals of other heritages, a disparity attributed to many factors, including socioeconomic, environmental, and genetic influences, as well as less access to care. Results from a new genomic study provide greater clarity…

Ethics Human blood was obtained from healthy donors, approved by the Regional Ethics Committee and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust Tissue Bank (Regional Ethics Committee approval no. 17/WA/0161, Imperial College Healthcare Tissue Bank Human Tissue Authority license no. 12275, and Imperial College Research Ethics Committee no. 19IC5166). All samples were…

By Jo CavalloPosted: 4/18/2023 10:44:00 AM Last Updated: 4/18/2023 12:19:55 PM Black individuals are disproportionately affected by colorectal cancer. They have the highest rates of the disease of any racial or ethnic group in the United States, and are about 20% more likely to develop colorectal cancer and about 40%…

Credit: CC0 Public Domain Genomic profiling of patients who were treated for colorectal cancer at a major U.S. cancer center showed that patients with African ancestry had fewer actionable mutations than patients with European ancestry and were less likely to qualify for treatment with immunotherapy, according to data presented at…

Study population and cell isolation PBMCs were obtained from leukocyte reduction chambers of 57 young (20–35 years old) and 64 older (65–85 years old) healthy blood donors of both sexes, purchased from the Stanford Blood Center and the Mayo Clinic Blood Center. The study was conducted in accordance with the…

Lisa Ximena Rodriguez-Rojas,1,2 Estephania Candelo,3,4 Harry Pachajoa,1,2,4 Juan Esteban Garcia-Robledo,3 Jose Antonio Nastasi-Catanese,1,2 Jorge Andres Olave-Rodriguez,2 Angela R Zambrano5 1Department of Human Genetics, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; 2Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia; 3Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Cali, Colombia; 4Centro de Investigaciones…

Keum, N. & Giovannucci, E. Global burden of colorectal cancer: emerging trends, risk factors and prevention strategies. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 16, 713–732 (2019). Article  PubMed  Google Scholar  Sung, H. et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA…

Genomic profiling of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) with a large panel appeared feasible in a routine setting and helped to obtain relevant molecular information that could inform strategies with targeted therapies for patients with metastatic solid tumors, according to findings from the prospective PRISM study published in Annals of Oncology….

To quantify the expression of different antigens, cells were stained using monoclonal antibodies coupled to phycoerythrin (PE), after which the number of PE molecules per cell was determined using quantitative flow cytometry. Although the number of PE molecules will not be exactly equal to the number of antigens, in this…

Plasmids The mingag fusion protein was generated by fusing a codon-optimised HIV-1 subtype B gp41 miniprotein (“min”) containing a fragment of the HR2 domain, the membrane proximal external region (MPER) and the transmembrane domain (TM) (HXB2: 8057-8345 bp)36 with a codon-optimised HIV-1 subtype B gagHXB2. A flexible GGGS linker was inserted…

Cell culture HEK293T, MEF-1, and U87 cell lines were used in this research. HEK293T was purchased from ATCC. MEF-1, and U87 cell lines were gifts from Muredach P. Reilly, Peter A. Sims, respectively. HEK293T, MEF-1, and U87 cells were cultured in DMEM with 4.5 g/L D-Glucose, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine…

PDF – 2287K, Supplementary Figure 3. Mitotic index in transfected and in nocodazole arrested HEK293 cells. A, Mitotic index of control untransfected, nocodazole-arrested HEK293 and U937 cells. Cells were labelled with a specific anti-phosphoSer10 antibody and analysed by flow citometry. B, Immunoblot analysis of the expression of the indicated proteins…

Published: 28 March 2023| Version 1 | DOI: 10.17632/fwczkb6xw3.1 Contributors: Description This study was designed to capture the changes in CD8 T cell phenotypes in murine glioma (CT-2A) model post immunotherapy with AAV-LIGHT (TNFSF14). Tumour infiltrating CD45 cells were isolated by flow sorting and subject to targeted single-cell transcriptome sequencing…

Mice Rosa26-YFP48, Rosa-tDTomato49, K14creER, Lgr5creER (ref. 50), KrasLSLG12D (ref. 51) and Trp53fl/fl (ref. 52) mice were obtained from the NCI mouse repository and Jackson Laboratories. Rhojfl/fl mice53 were a gift from A. Uemura. All mice used in this study were composed of males and females with mixed genetic background. Mouse…

1. Introduction Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors originating from neuroendocrine cells and harbor malignant potential [1,2]. The incidence of NETs is becoming more common worldwide, and their characteristics and behavior can vary widely [1,2]. The incidence of gastrointestinal NETs depends on the primary tumor site, with…

NEW YORK – In a new multiomics study, researchers in China have unraveled the genetic and molecular signatures of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) in Chinese patients and determined how these features differ from late-onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC). EOCRC tends to be diagnosed at a more advanced stage compared to LOCRC….

Mice All mice experiments were performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at the Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science. The approved animal protocol number is SIBCB-S374-1702-001-C1. The CK19-CreER, HNF4α-DreER, R26-tdTomato (R26-tdT),…

Recent studies have suggested that circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing has prognostic value in colorectal cancer, but researchers maintain that additional studies are needed to confirm whether and how ctDNA testing should be used in practice.  A study published in Nature Medicine showed that ctDNA testing can identify patients with…

Introduction In recent years, CIN has gained great importance due to its implications for both, the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Recent studies have suggested that both CIN and clonal heterogeneity, influence cancer progression, aggressiveness, prognosis, and response to therapy.1–4 The above because both, CIN and clonal heterogeneity, lead to…

Chan, K. S. et al. Identification, molecular characterization, clinical prognosis, and therapeutic targeting of human bladder tumor-initiating cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 14016–14021 (2009). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  Adams, S. et al. Signal-regulatory protein is selectively expressed by myeloid and neuronal cells. J. Immunol. 161,…

By Isa Abdulsalami Ahovi, Jos 03 March 2023   |   4:00 am Vice-Chancellor, University of Jos (UNIJOS), Prof. Tanko Ishaya, has received a DNA-based indigenous COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate, codenamed SJN3T CorVac (Sokoto, Jos, NARICT, NIMR, NVRI and TETFund) produced by a consortium of Nigerian universities… Vice-Chancellor, University of Jos…

Lentiviral vector construction and production The lentiviral vector was designed as previously described [13, 41]. LdCV vector contains the following: human codon-optimized S. pyogenes dCas9 which was fused at the C-terminus with VP64-p65-Rta (VPR). LAT-TCS-dCas9-VPR was assembled by fusing LAT (Human cDNA, NM_001014987.2) with dCas9-VPR-Q8 and cloned into a modified…

Data reporting No statistical methods were used to predetermine sample size. The experiments were not randomized. The investigators were not blinded to allocation during experiments and outcome assessment. Study approval This study and all the relevant experiments were approved by Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital Ethics Committee (No. 202001134 and 202115202)….

Background Lymphoma is a group of heterogeneous hematological malignancies, which are classified into Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common aggressive NHL. DLBCL can be divided into germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) subgroup and non-GCB subgroup according to the origin of cells….

Strain, strain background (Mus musculus, female) CD-1 Charles River Labs RRID:IMSR_CRL:022 Used for fetal ovary isolation Strain, strain background (Mus musculus, female) BALB/c Charles River Labs RRID:IMSR_APB:4790 Used for adult ovary isolation Cell line (Homo sapiens, female) F3 iPSC ATCC ATCC-BXS0116 Cell line (Homo sapiens, female) F66 iPSC Other Previously…

T cells are a critical part of the adaptive immune system that respond to pathogens, tumors, or play a key role in autoimmune diseases. A T cell recognizes potential targets through its T cell receptor (TCR), a plasma membrane-anchored protein which detects foreign molecules referred to as antigens presented for inspection…

1 Introduction Recombinant therapeutic proteins, also known as biologics, have been successfully used to treat a wide range of diseases, including cancers, inflammatory disorders, and cardiovascular diseases (Walsh, 2018). Biosimilars with comparable efficacy and safety profiles have emerged as alternative options to innovator therapies. A biosimilar is a biologic that…

Clinicopathological characteristics The clinicopathological features of the 56 stage IV GC patients are shown in Table 1. There were 29 males and 27 females. The mean age was 65.8 years old. The tumor was located mostly in the middle third of the stomach. Approximately 69.6% of the 56 patients had…

Ethics statement All animal experiments were performed in compliance with the Regulations for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals issued by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, which enforces the ethical use of animals. The protocol was approved by Institutional Animal Care and…

Somatic mutations drive cancer development and are relevant to patient responses to treatment. Emerging evidence shows that variations in the somatic genome can be influenced by the germline genetic background. However, the mechanisms underlying these germline-somatic associations remain largely obscure. We hypothesized that germline variants can influence somatic mutations in…

Somatic mutations drive cancer development and are relevant to patient responses to treatment. Emerging evidence shows that variations in the somatic genome can be influenced by the germline genetic background. However, the mechanisms underlying these germline-somatic associations remain largely obscure. We hypothesized that germline variants can influence somatic mutations in…

Ethics statement All fresh peripheral blood samples were obtained after approval of protocols by the Weizmann Institutional Review Board (IRB application 92-1) and following informed consent from the donors. The study using BAL fluid samples was approved by the Hadassah Medical Organization research ethics committee in accordance with the Declaration…

Isolation of pure populations of MuSCs and niche cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) Hindlimb muscles were dissected from young (4–6 weeks old) or aged (22–26 months old) C57BL/6J (Jackson Laboratory, 000664) mice and minced until no visible tissue chunks were visible. Muscle was then digested in a 15 ml Falcon…

Here we provide a tool that directly selects biallelically edited knock-ins using cell-surface displays, thereby eliminating the need for extensive clonal verification. By doing so SNEAK PEEC greatly reduces the considerable effort currently expended to obtain biallelically edited clones. The ability to generate a clonal population with multiple edits is…

Introduction Lymphoma, a cancer characterized by a malignant tumor of the immune system that originates in the lymph nodes or lymphoid tissue, is one of the most common cancers worldwide. According to GLOBOCAN, the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in both males and females ranked top ten among all cancers…

TUESDAY, Nov. 22, 2022 (HealthDay News) — About 10 percent of patients with appendix cancer (AC) who undergo testing for hereditary cancer disposition harbor a gene sequence variation associated with cancer susceptibility, according to a study published online Nov. 11 in JAMA Oncology. Andreana N. Holowatyj, Ph.D., from the Vanderbilt…

Mice immunized through different routes such as i.m., intradermally, or intratracheally with a DNA vaccine to rabies virus developed high titers of serum Ab but only borderline levels of mucosal Abs determined from vaginal secretions. DNA vaccines given by either route enhanced vaginal IgA and IgG2a secretion upon a subsequent…

Cell isolation, reprogramming and culture Approval was obtained for human cell and tissue sample collection and genetic reprogramming from the Institutional Review Board (protocols 19–252, 18–243, 21–060, 19–284 and 415-E/1776/4-2014, Ethics Committee of the province of Salzburg). Adult samples were collected in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki after written…

Cells and viruses hACE2 expressing BHK-21 (BHK-21-hACE2) and Vero-E6 cells were provided by State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University. Vero-E6 cells were cultured in DMEM (Gibco, Cat.11995–040) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, Cat.10091–148) and 1% penicillin and streptomycin solution (BasalMedia, Cat.S110JV) at 37°C with 5% CO2. BHK-21-hACE2…

Secondary use of biopsies as research specimens The ten melanoma samples used in this study were collected by Sanford Health and classified by a board-certified pathologist. Their secondary use as research specimens (fully de-identified formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks) was approved under Sanford Health IRB protocol 640 (titled ‘Understanding and improving…

We designed pDOC to support multiple strategies for analyzing protein degradation in vitro, specifically cell-free systems. The device is based on a MITOMI integrated microfluidic chip, originally developed to quantify protein-ligand interactions at equilibrium24,33. The MITOMI module was modified to contain an array of 16 × 64, 32 × 32…

Dear Colleagues, In recent decades, ncRNAs have been shown to play a critical role in a myriad of cellular processes, impacting normal gene expression as well as disease progression, making them an attractive target for drug discovery. Moreover, their complex impacts on molecular biology still require revealing and studying. Recent…

Publications PubMed=1260746Drewinko B., Romsdahl M.M., Yang L.Y., Ahearn M.J., Trujillo J.M.Establishment of a human carcinoembryonic antigen-producing colon adenocarcinoma cell line.Cancer Res. 36:467-475(1976) PubMed=7104989; DOI=10.1016/0165-4608(82)90076-0Chen T.-R., Hay R.J., Macy M.L.Karyotype consistency in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines established in vitro.Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 6:93-117(1982) PubMed=3335022Alley M.C., Scudiero D.A., Monks A., Hursey M.L.,…

Reagents, antibodies, viruses and cells LMW-Poly(I:C), LPS, 2′3′-cGAMP and DMXAA (InvivoGen); hydroxyurea, camptothecin and mitomycin C (MCE); GM-CSF, Flt3L (peproTech); lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen); polybrene (Millipore); RNAiso Plus (Takara); HT-DNA (Sigma); SYBR (BIO-RAD); dual-specific luciferase assay kit (Promega); ELISA kit for murine Ifn-β (PBL); ELISA kits for murine IP-10 (Biolegend) were…

Cell-type annotation scRNA-seq data were filtered to discard low-quality cells and doublets (Supplementary Fig. 1, Extended Data Fig. 1 and Methods). Supervised clustering (Reference Component Analysis v2 (RCA2)) at low resolution grouped cells into 11 major cell types (Extended Data Fig. 1). To identify epithelial cell subtypes, we initially analyzed…

COPENHAGEN, Denmark, June 23, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Evaxion Biotech A/S (NASDAQ: EVAX) (“Evaxion” or the “Company”), a clinical-stage biotechnology company specializing in the development of AI-driven immunotherapies, today announced that it has selected EVX-03 as the product candidate within its DNA technology platform to target a new indication with…

Mapping molecular changes across malignant transformation We generated single-cell data for 81 samples collected from eight FAP and seven non-FAP donors (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Tables 1 and 2). For each tissue, we performed matched scATAC-seq and snRNA-seq (10x Genomics). We obtained high-quality single-cell chromatin accessibility profiles for 447,829 cells…

Generation and characterization of DCNV-rAd-Ag. a, Generation of DCNVs derived from adenovirus-infected mature dendritic cells. (1) The genes of tumor-specific antigen were genetically engineered into the adenovirus vector. (2) Recombinant adenovirus infected the immature DC2.4 cells to express the modified antigen on the cell surface and stimulate it. (3) Differentiation,…

A special issue of Non-Coding RNA (ISSN 2311-553X). Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2022 | Viewed by 9 Special Issue Editors Dr. Mirolyuba Ilieva E-Mail Website Guest Editor Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, DK-2450 Copenhagen SV, DenmarkInterests: non-coding RNAs; stem cell biology; neuroscience Special…

Let me preface this with the admission that I am not an “expert” here by any means, which means I’m learning as I’m going. I have been tasked with the analysis of high dimensional (spectral) flow cytometry data with 32 parameters (time, six linear parameters (FSC and SSC) and 24…

Significance The extracellular concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) reaches several hundred micromoles in the inflamed tissues or tumor environment. A high concentration of ATP activates P2X7, a purinergic receptor, and induces the formation of a nonselective cation channel, accompanied by reversible phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) exposure, leading to cell lysis. Here, we…

Altman, B. J., Stine, Z. E. & Dang, C. V. From Krebs to clinic: glutamine metabolism to cancer therapy. Nat. Rev. Cancer 16, 619–634 (2016). CAS  Article  Google Scholar  Hensley, C. T., Wasti, A. T. & DeBerardinis, R. J. Glutamine and cancer: cell biology, physiology, and clinical opportunities. J. Clin….

Introduction Thyroid carcinoma (THCA) is the most common type of endocrine malignancy and its incidence is increasing.1 Based on its histopathological characteristics, thyroid carcinoma can be classified into multiple subtypes, such as papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.2 PTC is the most common subtype of…

Cell lines and culture Unless stated otherwise, all tumor target cell lines were sourced from the ATCC via LGC Standards. Human endogenous mesothelin (MSLN)-positive target cell lines H-226 (lung carcinoma, MSLN+, ATCC® CRL-5826™) and AsPC-1 (ATCC CRL-1682), and MSLN-negative Raji control cells (ATCC CCL-86) were cultured in RPMI-1640 Glutamax (Life Technologies,…

Integration of APC scRNA-seq data reveals heterogeneity of adipocyte progenitor cells In a previous study9, we defined Lin−Sca1+CD142+ APCs as adipogenesis regulatory (Areg) cells and demonstrated that these cells are both refractory toward adipogenesis and control adipocyte formation of APCs through paracrine signaling. In contrast, Merrick et. al.4 observed that Lin−CD142+ cells…

Introduction Most cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are diagnosed in the metastatic or locally advanced stage. It is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States,1,2 with a 5-year overall survival (OS) around 10% in this country2 despite years of research and therapeutic development. For those patients…

Background Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer. Despite the dramatic improvement in breast cancer prognosis due to recent therapeutic advances, such as more effective adjuvant and neo-adjuvant chemotherapies, together with more radical and safer surgery, advances in early diagnosis and treatment over the…

Organoid culture of small intestinal cells and lentiviral transduction C57BL/6J mice and BALB/cAnu/nu immune-deficient nude mice were purchased from CLEA Japan (Tokyo, Japan). The small intestine was harvested from wild-type male C57BL/6J mice at 3–5 weeks of age (Additional file 1: Figure S9A). Crypts were purified and dissociated into single cells,…