Tag: IJMS

IJMS | Free Full-Text | Increased Levels of Circulating IGFBP4 and ANGPTL8 with a Prospective Role in Diabetic Nephropathy

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(18), 14244; doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814244 (registering DOI) Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(18), 14244; doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814244 (registering DOI) Received: 27 July 2023 / Revised: 17 August 2023 / Accepted: 14 September 2023 / Published: 18 September 2023 Round 1 Reviewer 1 Report 1. What was the criteria of DN diagnosis?…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | Increased Levels of Circulating IGFBP4 and ANGPTL8 with a Prospective Role in Diabetic Nephropathy

Revealing mechanism of Methazolamide for treatment of ankylosing spondylitis based on network pharmacology and GSEA

Braun, J. & Sieper, J. Ankylosing spondylitis. Lancet 369, 1379–1390. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60635-7 (2007). Article  PubMed  Google Scholar  Lai, S. W., Kuo, Y. H. & Liao, K. F. Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 80, e144. doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216362 (2021). Article  PubMed  Google Scholar  Bukowski, B. R….

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Leveraging the COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment to assess changes in antibiotic use and antibiotic-resistant E. coli carriage in semi-rural Ecuador

Knight, G. M. et al. Antimicrobial resistance and COVID-19: Intersections and implications. Elife doi.org/10.7554/eLife.64139 (2021). Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  Bong, C.-L. et al. The COVID-19 pandemic: Effects on low- and middle-income countries. Anesth. Analg. 131(1), 86–92. doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000004846 (2020). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  Alhalaseh, Y. N. et al….

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Multi-omics data provide insight into the adaptation of the glasshouse plant Rheum nobile to the alpine subnival zone

Yang, Y. et al. Advances in the studies of plant diversity and ecological adaptation in the subnival ecosystem of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Chin. Sci. Bull. 64, 2856–2864 (2019). Article  Google Scholar  Zhang, Y., Li, B. & Zheng, D. Datasets of the boundary and area of the Tibetan plateau. Acta Geographica…

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IJMS | Free Full-Text | The Impact of the CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 Gene Polymorphisms on Response to Duloxetine in Patients with Major Depression

Received: 16 July 2023 / Revised: 25 August 2023 / Accepted: 29 August 2023 / Published: 30 August 2023 Round 1 Reviewer 1 Report The manuscript “The impact of the CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 Gene Polymorphisms on Response to Duloxetine in Patients with Major Depression” addresses how some SNPs of these…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | The Impact of the CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 Gene Polymorphisms on Response to Duloxetine in Patients with Major Depression

IJMS | Free Full-Text | CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated HY5 Gene Editing Reduces Growth Inhibition in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa) under ER Stress

1. Introduction Crops such as rapeseed, along with vegetables like cabbage and Chinese cabbage, all of which belong to the Brassica genus, are widely cultivated across the world. Chinese cabbage, in particular, holds significant commercial importance as a vegetable extensively consumed in Asian countries [1,2,3]. Chinese cabbage thrives well in…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated HY5 Gene Editing Reduces Growth Inhibition in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa) under ER Stress

NIScPR Online Periodical Repository: Invalid Identifier

Welcome to NIScPR Online Periodicals Repository You can now access full text articles from research journals published by CSIR-NIScPR! Full text facility is provided for all nineteen research journals viz. ALIS, AIR, BVAAP, IJBB, IJBT, IJCA, IJCB, IJCT, IJEB, IJEMS, IJFTR, IJMS, IJNPR, IJPAP, IJRSP, IJTK, JIPR, JSIR &…

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CircRNA-0100 positively regulates the differentiation of cashmere goat SHF-SCs into hair follicle lineage via sequestering miR-153-3p to heighten …

Original study Arch. Anim. Breed., 65, 55–67, 2022 Open Access doi.org/10.5194/aab-65-55-2022 © Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under Archives Animal Breeding the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. CircRNA-0100 positively regulates the differentiation of cashmere goat SHF-SCs into hair follicle lineage via sequestering miR-153-3p to heighten the KLF5 expression Junyin…

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IJMS | Free Full-Text | Mitochondrial Dysfunction Associated with mtDNA in Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity

Each cell contains many mitochondria, and each mitochondria contains several copies of mtDNA [11]. mtDNA is located in the mitochondrial matrix in close proximity to the electron transport chain, the major source of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, mtDNA is particularly susceptible to oxidation leading to mutations and the development of…

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IJMS | Free Full-Text | DNA Methylation in the Fields of Prenatal Diagnosis and Early Detection of Cancers

1. DNA Methylation: Looking Back over the Century “Genes are equivalent to blueprints; epigenetics is the contractor. They change the assembly, the structure.” —Bruce Lipton. The methylation of the DNA is a quintessential epigenetic mechanism consisting of the binding of a methyl group to the fifth carbon of the cytosine…

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IJMS | Free Full-Text | Combining 16S rRNA Sequencing and Metabolomics Data to Decipher the Interactions between Gut Microbiota, Host Immunity, and Metabolites in Diarrheic Young Small Ruminants

IgG and IL-1β concentration were positively correlated to Patescibacteria, Clostridiaceae, and unclassified_Muribaculaceae content in diarrheic animals. Furthermore, Alb concentration was positively related to more bacteria, including Patescibacteria, Campylobacterota, unclassified_Lachnospiraceae, unclassified_ Muribaculaceae, UCG_005, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Clostridiaceae. However, Firmicutes were negatively correlated with TP concentration (Figure 6A). Interestingly, more bacteria were significantly…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | Combining 16S rRNA Sequencing and Metabolomics Data to Decipher the Interactions between Gut Microbiota, Host Immunity, and Metabolites in Diarrheic Young Small Ruminants

IJMS | Free Full-Text | Protein-Mediated Electroporation in a Cardiac Voltage-Sensing Domain Due to an nsPEF Stimulus

1. Introduction nsPEF, a technology that emerged in 1995 [1], has seen a significant surge in research interest since 2005 [2]. nsPEF’s ability to elicit specific cellular effects [3] has resulted in an impressive range of applications, including the activation of neurons [4,5,6,7,8,9] and myocytes [10,11,12,13], wound healing [14,15,16,17], the…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | Protein-Mediated Electroporation in a Cardiac Voltage-Sensing Domain Due to an nsPEF Stimulus

IJMS | Free Full-Text | RNAseq Analysis of Novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Chalcogen Analogues Reveals Anti-Tubulin Properties on Cancer Cell Lines

MDPI and ACS Style Zoroddu, S.; Sanna, L.; Bordoni, V.; Weidong, L.; Murineddu, G.; Pinna, G.A.; Forcales, S.V.; Sala, A.; Kelvin, D.J.; Bagella, L. RNAseq Analysis of Novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Chalcogen Analogues Reveals Anti-Tubulin Properties on Cancer Cell Lines. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 11263. doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411263 AMA Style Zoroddu S,…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | RNAseq Analysis of Novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Chalcogen Analogues Reveals Anti-Tubulin Properties on Cancer Cell Lines

Testicular Toxicity in Rats Exposed to AlCl3: a Proteomics Study

Chen H, Chow CL, Lau D (2022) Deterioration mechanisms and advanced inspection technologies of aluminum windows. Materials 15:354. doi.org/10.3390/ma15010354 Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  Chauhan DK, Yadav V, Vaculík M et al (2021) Aluminum toxicity and aluminum stress-induced physiological tolerance responses in higher plants. Crit Rev Biotechnol 41:715–730….

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IJMS | Free Full-Text | Analysis of CircRNA Expression in Peripheral Blood of Holstein Cows in Response to Heat Stress

1. Introduction With the global temperature rise, the dairy industry is confronted with a significant challenge brought about by severely damaging impacts of heat stress. Heat stress increases mortality rates and threatens the health of livestock, especially in highly productive and intolerant species. The increase in ambient temperature–humidity index (THI)…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | Analysis of CircRNA Expression in Peripheral Blood of Holstein Cows in Response to Heat Stress

IJMS | Free Full-Text | Impact of Circulating Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA) as a Biomarker of the Development and Evolution of Periodontitis

1. Introduction Periodontitis is a chronic disease that affects 10% of the world’s population [1]. It is characterized by the interaction among bacterial, inflammation and genetic factors. Specific virulent oral microbials cause the host immune response in patients with a genetic predisposition. The inflammation of the periodontal tissues could result,…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | Impact of Circulating Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA) as a Biomarker of the Development and Evolution of Periodontitis

IJMS | Free Full-Text | Fecal Microbiota Composition, Their Interactions, and Metagenome Function in US Adults with Type 2 Diabetes According to Enterotypes

1. Introduction Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated serum glucose concentrations due to insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. The prevalence of T2DM has markedly increased among Asians [1] and is related to different etiology of T2DM among Asians and Caucasians [2]. In Asians, T2DM…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | Fecal Microbiota Composition, Their Interactions, and Metagenome Function in US Adults with Type 2 Diabetes According to Enterotypes

BRAFV600E, BRAFK601E, NRAS, HRAS, and KRAS mutational status

Agnes Stephanie Harahap,1– 3 Imam Subekti,4 Sonar Soni Panigoro,5 Asmarinah,6 Lisnawati,1 Retno Asti Werdhani,7 Hasrayati Agustina,8 Dina Khoirunnisa,1 Mutiah Mutmainnah,1 Salinah,1 Alvita Dewi Siswoyo,9 Maria Francisca Ham1,2 1Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 2Human Cancer Research Center-Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute,…

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Screening/validation of pivotal pancreatic cancer gene DPYD

Introduction Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor with a very high mortality rate for which there is no effective treatment other than surgery.1,2 PC is prone to metastasis and invasion in the early stage, and there is no effective means for early detection. Most patients often have cancer metastasis…

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IJMS | Free Full-Text | Engineering Human Cells Expressing CRISPR/Cas9-Synergistic Activation Mediators for Recombinant Protein Production

1. Introduction Peptides are employed for a multitude of therapeutic approaches and can be obtained from the native organ or tissue in which they are produced as well as through recombinant methods where nucleic acids encoding a candidate gene(s) are delivered to and expressed in cells in vitro. As an…

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IJMS | Free Full-Text | A Split-Marker System for CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing in Methylotrophic Yeasts

1. Introduction The discovery of prokaryotic adaptive defense systems, which consist of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes [1,2,3], has led to the development of efficient tools for genome editing in different organisms. Type II CRISPR-Cas systems include the Cas9 protein, which forms an…

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IJMS | Free Full-Text | SMAD4 Expression in Monocytes as a Potential Biomarker for Atherosclerosis Risk in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

MDPI and ACS Style Díaz-García, E.; García-Sánchez, A.; Sánz-Rubio, D.; Alfaro, E.; López-Fernández, C.; Casitas, R.; Mañas Baena, E.; Cano-Pumarega, I.; Cubero, P.; Marin-Oto, M.; López-Collazo, E.; Marin, J.M.; García-Río, F.; Cubillos-Zapata, C. SMAD4 Expression in Monocytes as a Potential Biomarker for Atherosclerosis Risk in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea….

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | SMAD4 Expression in Monocytes as a Potential Biomarker for Atherosclerosis Risk in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

IJMS | Free Full-Text | SnRNA-Seq of Pancreas Revealed the Dysfunction of Endocrine and Exocrine Cells in Transgenic Pigs with Prediabetes

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | SnRNA-Seq of Pancreas Revealed the Dysfunction of Endocrine and Exocrine Cells in Transgenic Pigs with Prediabetes

IJMS | Free Full-Text | Single Copies of the 5S rRNA Inserted into 45S rDNA Intergenic Spacers in the Genomes of Nototheniidae (Perciformes, Actinopterygii)

1. Introduction The ribosomal genes (rDNA) encoding 18S, 5.8S, 28S, and 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) are key elements of eukaryotic genomes, since their products are directly involved in the biogenesis and functioning of the ribosomes providing for protein synthesis. Multiple 45S rDNA clusters of the 18S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNA…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | Single Copies of the 5S rRNA Inserted into 45S rDNA Intergenic Spacers in the Genomes of Nototheniidae (Perciformes, Actinopterygii)

IJMS | Free Full-Text | An Efficient 2D Protocol for Differentiation of iPSCs into Mature Postmitotic Dopaminergic Neurons: Application for Modeling Parkinson’s Disease

Received: 28 February 2023 / Revised: 31 March 2023 / Accepted: 5 April 2023 / Published: 14 April 2023 Round 1 Reviewer 1 Report The article written by Lebedeva and colleagues descrives a 2D protocol useful for the differentiation of iPSCs into mature postmitotic DA-neurons in feeder-free and integration-free conditions….

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | An Efficient 2D Protocol for Differentiation of iPSCs into Mature Postmitotic Dopaminergic Neurons: Application for Modeling Parkinson’s Disease

IJMS | Free Full-Text | Surveillance of cfDNA Hot Spot Mutations in NSCLC Patients during Disease Progression

1. Introduction Lung cancer is the second most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in 2020, representing approximately 1 in 10 (11.4%) cancers diagnosed and 1 in 5 (18.0%) deaths [1]. In Lithuania, with a population of 2.7 million, a rough number of 1500 new cases of…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | Surveillance of cfDNA Hot Spot Mutations in NSCLC Patients during Disease Progression

IJMS | Free Full-Text | Assessment of BMP7, SMAD4, and CDH1 Expression Profile and Regulatory miRNA-542-3p in Eutopic and Ectopic Endometrium of Women with Endometriosis

1. Introduction Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases, affecting 5–10% of women of reproductive age [1]. It is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, which is manifested by chronic pelvic pain and/or infertility in 35–50% of women [2,3,4]. The course of this…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | Assessment of BMP7, SMAD4, and CDH1 Expression Profile and Regulatory miRNA-542-3p in Eutopic and Ectopic Endometrium of Women with Endometriosis

IJMS | Free Full-Text | Different miRNAs Related to FBXW7 Mutations or High Mitotic Indices Contribute to Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Pilot Study

1. Introduction Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors originating from neuroendocrine cells and harbor malignant potential [1,2]. The incidence of NETs is becoming more common worldwide, and their characteristics and behavior can vary widely [1,2]. The incidence of gastrointestinal NETs depends on the primary tumor site, with…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | Different miRNAs Related to FBXW7 Mutations or High Mitotic Indices Contribute to Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Pilot Study

IJMS | Free Full-Text | Transcriptomic Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated PARP1-Knockout Cells under the Influence of Topotecan and TDP1 Inhibitor

1. Introduction The synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) is an immediate response of cells to DNA damage catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, which transfer ADP-ribose units from NAD+ onto target molecules [1]. PAR is a linear and branched polymer up to 200 units long that is covalently attached to the target proteins,…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | Transcriptomic Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated PARP1-Knockout Cells under the Influence of Topotecan and TDP1 Inhibitor

IJMS | Free Full-Text | circRNA from APP Gene Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease Human Brain

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IJMS | Free Full-Text | Whole-Exome Sequencing and cfDNA Analysis Uncover Genetic Determinants of Melanoma Therapy Response in a Real-World Setting

MDPI and ACS Style Vanni, I.; Pastorino, L.; Tanda, E.T.; Andreotti, V.; Dalmasso, B.; Solari, N.; Mascherini, M.; Cabiddu, F.; Guadagno, A.; Coco, S.; Allavena, E.; Bruno, W.; Pietra, G.; Croce, M.; Gangemi, R.; Piana, M.; Zoppoli, G.; Ferrando, L.; Spagnolo, F.; Queirolo, P.; Ghiorzo, P. Whole-Exome Sequencing and cfDNA…

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IJMS | Free Full-Text | Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence of Nasopharyngeal Exudate Reveals Changes in Key Microbial Communities Associated with Aging

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 4127; doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044127 (registering DOI) Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 4127; doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044127 (registering DOI) Received: 9 January 2023 / Revised: 13 February 2023 / Accepted: 14 February 2023 / Published: 18 February 2023 Round 1 Reviewer 1 Report This is a good written, diligent work. Major…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence of Nasopharyngeal Exudate Reveals Changes in Key Microbial Communities Associated with Aging

IJMS | Free Full-Text | Endothelial Differentiation of CCM1 Knockout iPSCs Triggers the Establishment of a Specific Gene Expression Signature

1. Introduction Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are capillary–venous lesions which are primarily found in the brain and spinal cord [1]. The familial form of this neurovascular disorder is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with incomplete penetrance. Pathogenic variants in the CCM1 gene (also known as KRIT1) can be identified…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | Endothelial Differentiation of CCM1 Knockout iPSCs Triggers the Establishment of a Specific Gene Expression Signature

IJMS | Free Full-Text | High-Efficiency CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Correction of a Homozygous Mutation in Achromatopsia

1. Introduction Achromatopsia (ACHM) is an inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) affecting approximately 1 in every 30,000 individuals [1,2]. It is an autosomal-recessive disorder associated with a loss of cone photoreceptor function [1,2,3,4]. ACHM usually shows an early onset presenting pendular nystagmus, poor visual acuity, lack of color vision, and photophobia…

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Potential Roles of mtDNA Mutations in PCOS-IR

Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disease occurring during reproductive years. It was a kind of endocrine and metabolic disorders that results in obesity, irregularity of menstruation, OS, hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenism, infertility, and sterility.1,2 First identified in 1935, PCOS was also recognized as Stein–Leventhal syndrome.3 Diagnosis of…

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IJMS | Free Full-Text | Anatomical Laser Microdissection of the Ileum Reveals mtDNA Depletion Recovery in A Mitochondrial Neuro-Gastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) Patient Receiving Liver Transplant

MDPI and ACS Style Boschetti, E.; Caporali, L.; D’Angelo, R.; Malagelada, C.; Accarino, A.; Dotti, M.T.; Costa, R.; Cenacchi, G.; Pironi, L.; Rinaldi, R.; Stanghellini, V.; Ratti, S.; Manzoli, L.; Carelli, V.; De Giorgio, R. Anatomical Laser Microdissection of the Ileum Reveals mtDNA Depletion Recovery in A Mitochondrial Neuro-Gastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | Anatomical Laser Microdissection of the Ileum Reveals mtDNA Depletion Recovery in A Mitochondrial Neuro-Gastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) Patient Receiving Liver Transplant

IJMS | Free Full-Text | Mitochondrial rRNA Methylation by Mettl15 Contributes to the Exercise and Learning Capability in Mice

MDPI and ACS Style Averina, O.A.; Laptev, I.G.; Emelianova, M.A.; Permyakov, O.A.; Mariasina, S.S.; Nikiforova, A.I.; Manskikh, V.N.; Grigorieva, O.O.; Bolikhova, A.K.; Kalabin, G.A.; Dontsova, O.A.; Sergiev, P.V. Mitochondrial rRNA Methylation by Mettl15 Contributes to the Exercise and Learning Capability in Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 6056. doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116056…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | Mitochondrial rRNA Methylation by Mettl15 Contributes to the Exercise and Learning Capability in Mice

IJMS | Free Full-Text | Systematic Discovery of FBXW7-Binding Phosphodegrons Highlights Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases as Important Regulators of Intracellular Protein Levels

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(6), 3320; doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063320 (registering DOI) Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(6), 3320; doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063320 (registering DOI) Received: 23 February 2022 / Revised: 16 March 2022 / Accepted: 17 March 2022 / Published: 19 March 2022 Round 1 Reviewer 1 Report This manuscript by Singh and co-workers defines a…

Continue Reading IJMS | Free Full-Text | Systematic Discovery of FBXW7-Binding Phosphodegrons Highlights Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases as Important Regulators of Intracellular Protein Levels

Frontiers | Hair Graying Regulators Beyond Hair Follicle

Introduction Hair graying is one of the representative signs of aging. It has been considered to be triggered by a decreased number of follicular melanocyte stem cells (MeSCs; Nishimura et al., 2005; Iida et al., 2020) or dysfunction of MeSCs such as decreased oxidation resistance capacity with aging (Shi et…

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Identification of differentially expressed genes in AF

Defeng Pan,1,* Yufei Zhou,2,* Shengjue Xiao,1,* Yue Hu,3,* Chunyan Huan,1 Qi Wu,1 Xiaotong Wang,1 Qinyuan Pan,1 Jie Liu,1 Hong Zhu1 1Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of…

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mitochondrial dna damage triggers an ifn mediated immune response

2.6 Mitochondrial Damage-Induced Mitochondrial DNA Release is Central to Chronic Kidney Disease-Induced Type-I-Interferon Response in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells DNA released from nuclear or mitochondria is the main source of endogenous DNA that activates cGAS-STING pathway. This is thought to be mediated by the presence 75 of leaked mitochondrial DNA…

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