Tag: NEB
Whole genome analysis for 163 gRNAs in Cas9-edited mice reveals minimal off-target activity
Allele design and guide selection For multi-exon genes, a critical region (one or more exons) was identified as shared among all annotated full-length transcripts whose removal was predicted to result in a frame-shift mutation and introduction of premature stop codon greater than 50-nt from the final splice junction increasing the…
Prokaryotic winged helix domains as dsDNA adenine methylation sensors
Abstract Winged helix (wH) domains, also termed winged helix-turn-helix (wHTH) domains, are widespread in all kingdoms of life, and have diverse roles. In the context of DNA binding and DNA modification sensing, some eukaryotic wH domains are known as sensors of non-methylated CpG. In contrast, the prokaryotic wH domains in…
acCRISPR: an activity-correction method for improving the accuracy of CRISPR screens
acCRISPR framework acCRISPR performs essential gene identification by calculating two scores for each sgRNA, namely the cutting score (CS) and the fitness score (FS). CS and FS are the log2-fold change of sgRNA abundance in the appropriate treatment sample with respect to that in the corresponding control sample (see Supplementary…
switching from illumination to NEB prep kits
switching from illumination to NEB prep kits 0 Hi all, we already have built some pipelines for germline / somatic calling on WES data ( the library prep kits used were from Illumina). now we want to switch to using NEB library kits, and I would like to know (rom…
Restriction Digestion Planning for RFLP Q5. What are
Transcribed image text: Restriction Digestion Planning for RFLP Q5. What are restriction enzymes and recognition sites? What is their function in nature? How can a mutation alter a recognition site? [10pts] Q6. Appendix I shows the restriction sites for NEB enzymes for the complete PTC gene. Choose a restriction enzyme…
Phylogenomic analysis supports Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission between humans and elephants
1. Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global burden and is widely reported to be a major public health and economic problem, costing the world $617 billion between 2000 and 2015 and projected to cost $1 trillion between 2015 and 2030 (1). It is the second leading cause of death…
Histone modifications regulate pioneer transcription factor cooperativity
Protein expression, mutagenesis and purification Xenopus laevis histones for nucleosome assembly were overexpressed in the Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) pLysS strain and purified from inclusion body as previously described48. The cells were grown in LB medium at 37 °C and induced with 1 mM IPTG when OD600 reached 0.6. After 3 h of expression,…
bbduk command line options for EM-seq (NEB)
Hi I would like to use bbduk to replicate the command line flags used by trim_galore for EM-Seq (NEB). The bismark user guide recommends this for trim_galore –clip_R1 10 –clip_R2 10 –three_prime_clip_R1 10 –three_prime_clip_R2 10 Explanation of the trim_galore parameters –clip_R1 <int> Instructs Trim Galore to remove <int> bp from…
Activation of the urotensin-II receptor by remdesivir induces cardiomyocyte dysfunction
Study design The overall goal of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms of remdesivir-related cardiotoxicity in anti-COVID-19 therapy. We first performed the GPCR screening using major anti-COVID-19 drugs as ligands (n = 3 per GPCR). We validated the results of GPCR screening by concentration-response analysis and determined the EC50 and…
In-depth Temporal Transcriptome Profiling of Monkeypox and Host Cells using Nanopore Sequencing
Figure 1 shows the detailed workflow of the study. Fig. 1 General overview of the study. Briefly, MPXV was isolated from a skin lesion and then was used to infect CV-1 cells. After the designated infection times, total RNA was isolated and sequenced using direct cDNA sequencing protocol on ONT’s MinION platform….
Amplification Biases and Consistent Recovery of Loci in a Double-Digest RAD-seq Protocol | PLOS ONE – Molecular Biology Protocol – Restriction Digest of Plasmid …
Abstract A waxing variety of “genotype-by-sequencing” (GBS) methods use restriction enzymes and high throughput DNA ordering to generation data for a set of genomic loci, allowing the simultaneous discovery press genotyping of thousands of polymorphisms in a set of multiplexed samples. We evaluated a “double-digest” restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq)…
Roles of adenine methylation in the physiology of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei
Bacterial strains and cultivation Twenty-eight L. paracasei isolates (including L. paracasei Zhang) and a pglX gene-inactivated strain of L. paracasei Zhang were obtained from the Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, at the Inner Mongolia Agricultural University of China. For strain activation, the bacteria were cultivated…
Optimized metrics for orthogonal combinatorial CRISPR screens
Plasmid design The information on each plasmid for combinatorial libraries is indicated in Supplementary Table S1. Plasmids used in this study to generate combinatorial libraries for SpCas9, enAsCas12a, CHyMErA, enAsCas12a (dual-gRNA), CHyMErA.v2, multiSPAS were deposited to Addgene (IDs: 189632, 189633, 189634, 189635, 189636, 189637, respectively). 3Cs oligonucleotide design The protocol…
Hybrids of RNA viruses and viroid-like elements replicate in fungi
Ribozyme search of the Sequence Read Archive Observing that ribozymes are sufficiently short to be captured on a short sequence read (less than 100 nt), we reasoned it will be possible to screen large volumes of sequencing data to identify libraries potentially containing ribozyme agents. To this end we adapted…
Highly-multiplexed and efficient long-amplicon PacBio and Nanopore sequencing of hundreds of full mitochondrial genomes | BMC Genomics
Laboratory methods Tissue samples of lizards were collected over the course of several field seasons in Indonesia under appropriate permits as part of a biotic survey of mountains across the island of Sulawesi. Liver tissues were dissected and stored in RNA-later, which were incubated at ambient temperature for 24 to…
RNA-DNA interactomes of three prokaryotes uncovered by proximity ligation
Cell strains E. coli DH5α and B. subtilis 168 strains were grown overnight in Luria-Bertani broth at 37 °C and 180 rpm to a final OD600 ~1.7. B. subtilis strain 168 was kindly provided by Dr. S.A. Dubiley (Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia). T. adornatum strain…
Construction of high coverage whole-genome sequencing libraries from single colon crypts without DNA extraction or whole-genome amplification | BMC Research Notes
Tissue collection and crypt isolation A small piece of colon is collected from individuals who have undergone surgery to remove part of the colon under the standard of care at either Keck Hospital of USC or Children’s Hospital Los Angeles through the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Translational Pathology Core. A…
The Extrapolation in NEB calculation
Dear CP2K users and developers: I am investigating the oxygen transport path in perovskite with CI-NEB. In order to consider DFT+U and generate “.model” file, I have to give up K-point and build a big cell with 250 atoms. I set 9 REPLICA. My computer doesn’t have enough memory(My computer…
Running NEB calculations through library interface in Fortran – LAMMPS General Discussion
jyrik April 26, 2023, 8:32pm 1 I’m trying to use LAMMPS NEB implementation in my Fortran code. Regular minimization runs fine, but passing the -partition flag necessary for NEB calculations doesn’t seem to not work. I’m using the most recent LAMMPS version, Apr 24, 2023. If the LAMMPS object is…
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. This cohort comprises a subset of patients enrolled in the Genomic Advances in Sepsis (GAinS) study, an established biobank of adult sepsis patients. Patients with sepsis due to community acquired pneumonia or faecal peritonitis were recruited from 34 hospitals across the UK from 2005-2018, with samples for functional genomics and detailed clinical information collected on the first, third and/or fifth day following ICU admission. RNA was extracted from leukocytes isolated at the bedside using LeukoLOCK kits. We have previously identified sepsis response signatures (SRSs), transcriptomic endotypes that are associated with differential early mortality (Davenport et al, Lancet Respir Med, 2016; Burnham et al, AJRCCM, 2017) and response to treatment in a clinical trial (Antcliffe et al, AJRCCM, 2018). We generated RNA sequencing data on 903 samples, including 134 samples repeated from our previously released microarray data. Libraries were prepared using NEB Ultra II Library Prep kits (Illumina) and sequenced on a NovaSeq 6000. Reads were aligned to the reference genome (GRCh38) using STAR and gene counts quantified using featureCounts (annotation Ensembl v99). Counts were TMM-normalised and log-transformed. Following QC, processed data were available on 864 samples from 667 unique patients.
Dataset Description Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. This cohort comprises a subset of patients enrolled in the Genomic Advances in Sepsis (GAinS) study, an established biobank of adult sepsis patients. Patients with sepsis due to community acquired pneumonia or faecal…
TUT4/7-mediated uridylation of a coronavirus subgenomic RNAs delays viral replication
Cell lines and tissue culture The murine 17-CL1 cell line (derived from 3T3 cells, BEI Resources, Cat. No. NR-53719) was maintained in Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, Life Technologies) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS, Gemini Bio-Products), L-glutamine (Invitrogen), and Sodium pyruvate (Invitrogen). The NCTC clone 1469 cell line…
Topologically associating domain boundaries are required for normal genome function
ENCODE ChIP-seq data analysis and prioritization of TAD boundary deletion loci Previously published chromosome conformation capture data was used for combined analyses and selection of TAD boundary deletion loci in this study, wherein TAD boundary calls were based on the maximum enrichment of CTCF at the TAD borders and their…
New carbohydrate binding domains identified by phage display based functional metagenomic screens of human gut microbiota
Purification of T7Select 10-3b phages The T7Select 10-3b phage vector (Novagen, Merck) was used in this study. Non-recombinant/recombinant T7Select 10-3b phages were purified from the lysate of infected E. coli strain BL5403 by PEG-8000 precipitation as per the method described in T7 select system manual. The pellet was suspended in…
Live-attenuated vaccine sCPD9 elicits superior mucosal and systemic immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamsters
Ethics statement In vitro and animal work were conducted under appropriate biosafety conditions in a BSL-3 facility at the Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. All animal experiments were performed in compliance with relevant institutional, national and international guidelines for the care and humane use of animals and approved…
Programmable protein delivery with a bacterial contractile injection system
Plasmid construction The PVCpnf structural and accessory region (pvc1-16) and payload and regulatory region (Pdp1, Pnf and regulatory genes PAU_RS16570-RS24015) were synthesized de novo (GenScript) and cloned into pAWP78 and pBR322 backbones, respectively. All manipulations involving payload and regulatory plasmids (pPayload) involved standard PCR amplification with Phusion Flash 2x Master…
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Metagenome Analysis Identifies Microbial Shifts upon Deoxynivalenol Exposure and Post-Exposure Recovery in the Mouse Gut
1. Introduction Fusarium fungi are world-wide producers of a range of mycotoxins. Deoxynivalenol (DON) belonging to the group B trichothecenes, is one of the most prevalent food-associated mycotoxins mainly produced by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum, and frequently contaminates cereals and cereal products [1,2]. Almost half of a total of…
RevGel-seq: instrument-free single-cell RNA sequencing using a reversible hydrogel for cell-specific barcoding
RevGel-seq sample preparation workflow Experiments were performed with the RevGel-seq protocol, capable of analyzing 10,000 input cells per sample with the specially designed gelation device (Fig. S3). The individual steps shown in Fig. 1A, from cell-barcoded bead coupling to library preparation for sequencing, are more fully described below: Cell labeling Cells…
DNA origami presenting the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 elicit robust protective immune response
Reagents, consumables, and kits The oligonucleotides used as primers in the asymmetric polymerase chain reaction (aPCR) and as staple strands for the folding of PB NPs, along with the CpG ODN 1018 adjuvant were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT). Fluorescently labelled oligonucleotides used in FRET assay, FAM (donor) and…
NGS Sample Preparation Market : Report Position, Recent Developments, Trends And Future Forecast Until 2023 To 2028
Global Remote Healthcare Remote Diagnostics Market size is expected to reach USD 4.1 billion at a CAGR of 13% over the forecast period 2023 to 2028. LAS VEGAS, NEVADA, UNITED STATES, March 11, 2023 /EINPresswire.com/ — Originally Posted : www.globalmarketstudies.com/ngs-sample-preparation-market-development-and-trends/ A recent report by the Global Market Studies has estimated…
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Transcriptomic Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated PARP1-Knockout Cells under the Influence of Topotecan and TDP1 Inhibitor
1. Introduction The synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) is an immediate response of cells to DNA damage catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, which transfer ADP-ribose units from NAD+ onto target molecules [1]. PAR is a linear and branched polymer up to 200 units long that is covalently attached to the target proteins,…
CvkR is a MerR-type transcriptional repressor of class 2 type V-K CRISPR-associated transposase systems
Architecture of cyanobacterial CAST systems Starting from the known CAST components, we searched for conserved genes and genetic elements in their vicinity. These elements included the left and right ends of the transposon, the neighboring tRNA, CRISPR arrays and tracrRNA, the transposase genes (tnsB, tnsC and tniQ), and genes in…
sgRNA Synthesis Kit – Labshake
No products found because this supplier’s products are not listed. Arpita Sarkar, Sophie Lanciano, Gael Cristofari, bioRxiv – Genomics 2022 Quote: EnGen sgRNA synthesis kit (NEB) No products found because this supplier’s products are not listed. Jitendra S. Kanshana, et al., bioRxiv – Genetics 2021 Quote: … A PCR-generated sgRNA…
Is it possible to create two simulation systems in LAMMPS and they can exchange particles? – LAMMPS Development
Hello all, I was just wondering is it possible to create a two systems in LAMMPS? For example, one system contains water molecules or salt ions and it can exchange water molecules or ions with other system because of chemical potential difference and osmotic pressure. If it is possible how…
What is correct percentage of sense-stranded transcripts in directional de novo assemblies ?
Hi guys, I have a question related to the quality check of my RNAseq data. Background: I isolated the RNA (5 different species, triplicates, 3 individuals pooled in each sample), and sent it for sequencing in China where they did library prep, sequencing and some downstream data analysis including assembly…
Dryad | Data — MinION sequencing data of mtDNA from BH10 cells
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) recombination in animals has remained enigmatic because of its uniparental inheritance and subsequent homoplasmic state, which excludes the biological need for genetic recombination, as well as limits tools to study it. However, molecular recombination is an important genome maintenance mechanism for all organisms, most notably being required…
Characterization of antibiotic resistomes by reprogrammed bacteriophage-enabled functional metagenomics in clinical strains
This research complies with all relevant ethical regulations approved by the Human Investigation Review Board of Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre of the University of Szeged and the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) of India. Permission for the faecal sample collection was obtained from the Human Investigation Review Board of Albert Szent-Györgyi…
Barrier-to-autointegration factor 1 promotes gammaherpesvirus reactivation from latency
Biosafety statement All experiments with cell lines and viral infections were carried out in a Biosafety Level 2 facility under the approval of the Biosafety Office in the Department of Environment, Health and Safety and the Institutional Biosafety Committee at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The laboratory…
Influence of RNA-Seq library construction, sampling methods, and tissue harvesting time on gene expression estimation
RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is popular for measuring gene expression in non-model organisms, including wild populations. While RNA-Seq can detect gene expression variation among wild-caught individuals and yield important insights into biological function, sampling methods may influence gene expression estimates. We examined the influence of multiple technical variables on estimated gene…
Conclusion Of The Forecast Period In 2032, Microrna Market Anticipated To Grow At A CAGR Of 16.0%
PRESS RELEASE Published January 25, 2023 “According to the Research Report, MicroRNA Market accounted for US$ 728.23 million in 2022 and is estimated to be US$ 3844.3 million by 2032 and is anticipated to register a CAGR of 16.0%” PMI has released the study article entitled ‘MicroRNA Market’ from year…
Establishment and Methodological Evaluation of a Method for Rapid Dete
Introduction Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative, spiral microaerophilic bacterium that infects more than half of the world’s population.1,2 Studies have shown that this bacterium is the main pathogenic factor in chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers, and is related to the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.3,4 For several…
Problem while running NEB, neb style ‘each’ – LAMMPS General Discussion
Hello everyoneI am sorry if the question is so bacis, acutally I am facing problem while running NEB and using the file style ‘each’. The calculation don’t run with the error of ‘Illegal NEB command (src/REPLICA/neb.cpp:124)’.I have all replicas initial configurations present in the directory and here is the simplest…
Issue with replica generation with syle ‘final’ in NEB – LAMMPS General Discussion
Hello everyone I am running NEB calculation for diffusion of Si atom in 64 atoms supercell. I am facing error with number of replicas “ERROR: Cannot use NEB with a single replica”. I am using neb command with style “final” as ‘neb 0.0 0.1 1000 1000 100 final sic.final’.It’s mentioned…
17-Year-Old Indian American Student Becomes First To Sequence Angelfish DNA
Indeever Madireddy is an avid fish-keeper and biologist. Indeever Madireddy, an Indian American student studying at BASIS Independent Silicon Valley, a private school at the Silicon Valley has become the first person to sequence the genome of freshwater angelfish. He did the sequencing after his pet fish died in March…
advantages of electroporation
Therapeutic mRNAs can be stabilized by the incorporation of modified nucleosides, synthetic capping, and the addition of lengthy poly-A tails, and can be enhanced with codon optimization (1113). Maintains viability . Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under…
Identification of unique DNA methylation sites in Kabuki syndrome using whole genome bisulfite sequencing and targeted hybridization capture followed by enzymatic methylation sequencing
Niikawa N, Matsuura N, Fukushima Y, Ohsawa T, Kajii T. Kabuki make-up syndrome: a syndrome of mentalretardation, unusual facies, large and protruding ears, and postnatal growth deficiency. J Pediatrics. 1981;99:565–9. CAS Article Google Scholar Kuroki Y, Suzuki Y, Chyo H, Hata A, Matsui I. A new malformation syndrome of long…
The automated Galaxy-SynBioCAD pipeline for synthetic biology design and engineering
Retrosynthesis from target to chassis Typically, the target compound, also named “source compound” is the compound of interest one wishes to produce, while the precursors are usually compounds that are natively present in a chassis strain. In the present implementation, the target can be any chemical that could be described…
Frontiers | A Mutated Nme1Cas9 Is a Functional Alternative RNase to Both LwaCas13a and RfxCas13d in the Yeast S. cerevisiae
Introduction The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein systems naturally exist in prokaryotes. They are RNA-mediated defense mechanisms to protect bacteria and archaea from invading nucleic acids (Barrangou et al., 2007). CRISPR–Cas systems are classified into two classes (1 and 2). Class 2 CRISPR–Cas require a single…
Development of Cas12a-Based Cell-Free Small-Molecule Biosensors via Allosteric Regulation of CRISPR Array Expression
In nature, microbes have evolved different systems to sense external stimuli. Synthetic biology approaches (1) repurpose these systems as biosensors to specifically and sensitively detect various targets of interest. Although various highly sensitive and specific laboratory-based analytical methods (including high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry) can detect small-molecule targets, they…
LAMP-CRISPR-Cas12a-lateral flow immunochromatographic strip | IDR
Introduction About 700,000 people die from “superbugs” globally every year. Antibiotic abuse is the culprit of extensive spread of superbugs. Currently, carbapenemase-producing organisms are among the most important pathogens of hospital infections. Especially the plasmid-mediated highly transmissible carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) has become an important public health issue of global concern….
Materials Science Community Discourse
Sign Up Log In Log In Popular FireworksFireWorks Using fix GCMC to plot adsorption isothermsLAMMPS General Discussion Topic of the Month: What are your favorite pre- and postprocessing toolsLAMMPS Why is My lattice size increasing during the initial NPT run for equilibrating Si diamond crystal?LAMMPS General Discussion About fix smdLAMMPS…
ambmax00/cp2k – Giters
CP2K is a quantum chemistry and solid state physics software package that can perform atomistic simulations of solid state, liquid, molecular, periodic, material, crystal, and biological systems. CP2K provides a general framework for different modeling methods such as DFT using the mixed Gaussian and plane waves approaches GPW and GAPW….
A cell-based phenotypic library selection and screening approach for the de novo discovery of novel functional chimeric antigen receptors
Cell lines and culture Unless stated otherwise, all tumor target cell lines were sourced from the ATCC via LGC Standards. Human endogenous mesothelin (MSLN)-positive target cell lines H-226 (lung carcinoma, MSLN+, ATCC® CRL-5826™) and AsPC-1 (ATCC CRL-1682), and MSLN-negative Raji control cells (ATCC CCL-86) were cultured in RPMI-1640 Glutamax (Life Technologies,…
Single-cell delineation of lineage and genetic identity in the mouse brain
STICR lentiviral library preparation and validation We synthesized a high-complexity lentivirus barcode library that encodes approximately 60–70 million distinct oligonucleotide RNA sequences (STICR barcodes). STICR barcodes comprised three distinct oligonucleotide fragments cloned sequentially into a multicloning site within the 3′ UTR of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) transgene under…
Epistasis shapes the fitness landscape of an allosteric specificity switch
Computational design Protein modeling and design was performed with Rosetta version 3.5 (2015.19.57819)35,37. Python and shell scripts for generating input from Rosetta and analyzing from Rosetta are available at: github.com/raman-lab/biosensor_design The high-resolution TtgR structure co-crystalized with tetracycline was selected as the starting point for computational design (PDB: 2UXH)28. The structure…
Emergence and expansion of highly infectious spike protein D614G mutant SARS-CoV-2 in central India
COVID-19 laboratory screening Nasopharyngeal/Nasal/Oropharyngeal swabs in viral transport medium (VTM) received from acute phase patients with defined symptoms, asymptomatic cases with contact history with positive patients/ travel history were processed for laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 at Defence Research and Development Establishment, (DRDE) Gwalior, M.P., India. These samples were referred for…
PacBio sequencing output increased through uniform and directional fivefold concatenation
Strategy and design of the method We sought to develop a simple method to increase the sequencing capability of PacBio CCS to sequence several diverse DNA libraries ~ 870 bp in length that encoded protein variants originating from a directed evolution campaign. To achieve an increase in the throughput of a PacBio sequencing…
Does Hisat2 automatically align strandedness
Does Hisat2 automatically align strandedness 0 I’ve been using Hisat2 to align some RNA. RNA was prepped using NEB Directional library kit. When I originally aligned, I did not use the –rna-strandedness option. I then realised I do want stranded, as part of my reference (which is human genome plus…
nanopore sequencing stock
It holds a 15% stake in the company and has valued its holding at £340m, giving a valuation of more than £2bn for the company. . While the company’s current shareholders have recorded its value at just over £2bn, analysts . Essay from the year 2011 in the subject Business…
High-purity production and precise editing of DNA base editing ribonucleoproteins
Abstract Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex–mediated base editing is expected to be greatly beneficial because of its reduced off-target effects compared to plasmid- or viral vector–mediated gene editing, especially in therapeutic applications. However, production of recombinant cytosine base editors (CBEs) or adenine base editors (ABEs) with ample yield and high purity in…
An epigenetic basis of inbreeding depression in maize
INTRODUCTION Charles R. Darwin documented inbreeding depression as growth disadvantages from self-fertilization compared to outcrossing in many plants (1). Prevailing hypotheses suggest that inbreeding depression results from the exposure of deleterious recessive alleles and/or loss of overdominant alleles due to increased homozygosity (2, 3) or reduced recombination frequency in some…
The LpoA activator is required to stimulate the peptidoglycan polymerase activity of its cognate cell wall synthase PBP1a
Significance Class A penicillin-binding proteins (aPBPs) assemble the bacterial cell wall and are the targets of penicillin and related β-lactam antibiotics. In gram-negative bacteria, the aPBPs require outer membrane lipoproteins to function. However, little is known about how these proteins promote the activity of their cognate synthases in cells. Here,…